The Past, Present, and Future of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Focus on Models
Edward A. Lee

Citation
Edward A. Lee. "The Past, Present, and Future of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Focus on Models". Sensors, 2015(15):4837-4869, February 2015.

Abstract
This paper is about better engineering of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) through better models. Deterministic models have historically proved extremely useful, and arguably form the kingpin of the industrial revolution and the digital and information technology revolutions. Key deterministic models that have proved successful include differential equations, synchronous digital logic, and single-threaded imperative programs. Cyber-physical systems, however, combine these models in such a way that determinism is not preserved. Two projects show that deterministic CPS models with faithful physical realizations are possible and practical. The first project is PRET, which shows that the timing precision of synchronous digital logic can be practically made available at the software level of abstraction. The second project is Ptides, which shows that deterministic models for distributed cyber-physical systems have practical faithful realizations. These projects are existence proofs that deterministic CPS models are possible and practical.

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Citation formats

• HTML

  Edward A. Lee. <a
  href="http://www.terraswarm.org/pubs/473.html"
  >The Past, Present, and Future of Cyber-Physical Systems:
  A Focus on Models</a>, <i>Sensors</i>,
  2015(15):4837-4869, February 2015.

• Plain text

  Edward A. Lee. "The Past, Present, and Future of
  Cyber-Physical Systems: A Focus on Models".
  <i>Sensors</i>, 2015(15):4837-4869, February
  2015.

• BibTeX

  @article{Lee15_PastPresentFutureOfCyberPhysicalSystemsFocusOnModels,
      author = {Edward A. Lee},
      title = {The Past, Present, and Future of Cyber-Physical
                Systems: A Focus on Models},
      journal = {Sensors},
      volume = {2015},
      number = {15},
      pages = {4837-4869},
      month = {February},
      year = {2015},
      abstract = {This paper is about better engineering of
                cyber-physical systems (CPSs) through better
                models. Deterministic models have historically
                proved extremely useful, and arguably form the
                kingpin of the industrial revolution and the
                digital and information technology revolutions.
                Key deterministic models that have proved
                successful include differential equations,
                synchronous digital logic, and single-threaded
                imperative programs. Cyber-physical systems,
                however, combine these models in such a way that
                determinism is not preserved. Two projects show
                that deterministic CPS models with faithful
                physical realizations are possible and practical.
                The first project is PRET, which shows that the
                timing precision of synchronous digital logic can
                be practically made available at the software
                level of abstraction. The second project is
                Ptides, which shows that deterministic models for
                distributed cyber-physical systems have practical
                faithful realizations. These projects are
                existence proofs that deterministic CPS models are
                possible and practical.},
      URL = {http://terraswarm.org/pubs/473.html}
  }
  

Posted by Barb Hoversten on 5 Jan 2015.
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