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1. Micro Overview 9
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Why use Ptolemy? 9
1.3 Idiosyncrasies 9
1.4 Organization of the Software 10
1.5 Additional documentation 11
1.6 Acknowledgments 11
2. The Interactive Graphical Interface 13
2.1 Introduction 13
Setup 13
2.2 Running the Ptolemy demos 14
Starting Ptolemy 14
Exploring the menus 14
Traversing the hierarchy 17
Running a Ptolemy application 18
Examining schematics more closely 21
Invoking on-line documentation for stars 21
More extensive exploration of the demos 23
What's new 23
2.3 Dialog boxes 23
Tk control panels 23
Athena widget dialog boxes 24
2.4 Parameters and states 25
A note on terminology 25
Changing or setting parameters 26
Reading Parameter Values From Files 27
Inserting Comments in Parameters 27
Using Tcl Expressions in Parameters 28
Using Matlab and Mathematica to Compute Parameters 29
Array parameters 29
String Parameters 30
2.5 Particle types 31
2.6 The oct design database and its editor, vem 33
2.7 Creating universes 34
Opening working windows 35
Some basic vem commands 36
Building an example 38
2.8 Using galaxies 42
Creating a galaxy 42
Using a galaxy 43
Galaxy and universe parameters 44
2.9 Editing Icons 46
2.10 Sounds 50
2.11 Preparing Lab Reports 51
Signal Plots 51
Printing Schematics 51
Importing a PostScript image 53
Importing an Image as a X bitmap (XBM) 53
2.12 Other useful information 54
Plotting signals and Fourier transforms 54
Moving objects 54
Copying objects 55
Labeling a design 55
Icon orientation 55
Finding the names of terminals 56
Multiple inputs and outputs 56
Using delays 57
Auto-forking 58
Dealing with errors 59
Copying and moving designs 60
Environment variables 61
Command-line options 62
2.13 X Resources 63
2.14 Tk options 64
3. SDF Domain 65
3.1 Introduction 65
Basic dataflow terminology 65
Balancing production and consumption of tokens 65
Iterations in SDF 66
Inconsistency 67
Delays 67
3.2 An overview of SDF stars 67
Source stars 69
Sink stars 72
Arithmetic stars 75
Nonlinear stars 77
Logic stars 80
Control stars 81
Conversion stars 83
Matrix stars 86
Matlab stars 89
Signal processing stars 91
Spectral analysis 96
Communication stars 98
Telecommunications 101
Spatial Array Processing 104
Image processing stars 105
Higher Order Function stars 110
User Contributions 110
Tcl stars 110
3.3 An overview of SDF demonstrations 111
Basic demos 111
Multirate demos 113
Communications demos 114
Digital signal processing demos 116
Sound-making demos 118
Image and video processing demos 120
Fixed-point demos 122
Tcl/Tk demos 122
Matrix demos 123
MATLAB Demos 125
HOF Demos 125
Scripted Runs 126
3.4 Targets 126
Default SDF target 126
The loop-SDF target 127
Compile-SDF target 128
SDF to PTCL target 130
3.5 Exercises 130
Modulation 130
Sampling and multirate 132
Exponential sequences, transfer functions, and convolution 133
Linear phase filtering 135
Coefficient quantization 136
FIR filter design 138
The DFT (discrete Fourier transform) 140
Whitening filters 141
Wiener filtering 141
Adaptive equalization 142
ADPCM speech coding 143
Spectral estimation 144
Lattice filters 146
4. HOF Domain 147
4.1 Introduction 147
4.2 Using the HOF domain 148
The Map star and its variants 148
Managing multidimensional data 155
Other higher-order control structures 157
Statically evaluated recursion 157
Bus manipulation stars 158
4.3 An overview of the HOF stars 161
Bus manipulation stars 161
Map-like stars 162
4.4 An overview of HOF demos 164
HOF demos in the SDF domain 164
HOF demos in the DE domain 166
HOF demos in the CGC domain 166
5. pxgraph - The Plotting Program 169
5.1 Introduction 169
5.2 Invoking pxgraph 169
5.3 Detailed description 169
5.4 Options 171
5.5 Bugs 174
6. Filter design programs 175
6.1 Introduction 175
6.2 optfir - equiripple FIR filter design 175
6.3 wfir - window method FIR filter design 178
7. Troubleshooting 179
G.1 Problems starting pigi 179
G.2 Common problems while running pigi 181
G.3 Window system problems 182
G.4 Known bugs 185
Bugs in vem 185
Bugs in pigi 186
Bugs in tycho 186
Bugs in pxgraph 186
G.5 Additional resources 187
G.6 Submitting a bug report 187

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